A mutation can create an alternative form of a phenomenon – a phenotype or trait – and we can learn a lot by seeing this alternative state. Once I saw a mouse with no eyelids. It simply had a membrane over the eyes. I found it fascinating that there is a single gene required for eyelids to develop.
Bruce Alan Beutler (born December 29, 1957) is an American immunologist and geneticist. Together with Jules A. Hoffmann, he received one-half of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity.' Beutler discovered the long-elusive receptor for lipopolysaccharide (also known as endotoxin). He did so by identifying spontaneous mutations in the gene coding for mouse Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) in two unrelated strains of LPS-refractory mice and proving they were responsible for that phenotype. Subsequently, and chiefly through the work of Shizuo Akira, other TLRs were shown to detect signature molecules of most infectious microbes, in each case triggering an innate immune response.
Unfortunately, a lot people still don’t understand queer culture.
You know, I’m a big comic book fan. As a kid I used to collect them until there was a
Quality without results is pointless. Results without quality is boring.
My quest these days is to find my long lost inner child, but I’m afraid if I do, I’ll end
The perfect ham and cheese sandwich is all about focusing on quality ingredients and about simple techniques. You start with
Unfortunately, a lot people still don’t understand …– Karamo Brown
You know, I’m a big comic book fan…– Tim Matheson
Quality without results is pointless…– Johan Cruyff
My quest these days is to find my long lost inner …– Kenny Loggins
The perfect ham and cheese sandwich is all about …– Daniel Humm
Thus, anybody who follows this nature and gives …– Xun Kuang
During my own gap year…– Simon Hoggart
We must do our part to make ourselves visible to …– Karamo Brown
A friend of mine – one of the rugby girlfriends – …– Chloe Madeley
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